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Study of the influence of fires of municipal and industrial waste landfills on the enviromental contamination, the combustion products of rubber and halogenated polymers
Sikora, Henryk ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of fires of municipal and industrial wastes, particularly of rubber and halogenated polymers. When these materials burn, significant amount of harmful substances liberate into environmental compartments. Analysis of samples subjected to thermal decomposition in laboratory conditions explored formation of characteristic compounds in dependence on conditions of combustion. Samples of air, water and soil taken from real fires that occurred between the years 2007 – 2011 in the region of Western Bohemia monitored spreading of these substances into the environment. Majority of these samples were analysed by the means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Additionally the effect of extinguishing methods and use of fire extinguishers on formation and spreading of combustion products was studied, especially in soil and in water sources.
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Detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by separation techniques and mass spectrometry
Žvaková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by advanced analytical separation methods and mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis process decomposition of complex organic material take place in the presence of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Condensable part of vapours and aerosols forms viscous liquid called pyrolysis oil which is a complex mixture of large amount of compounds. In this work samples from microwave pyrolysis of woodchips and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant Brno-Modřice were analysed. Samples were provided by Bionic Laboratories company. Samples were separated by column chromatography on activated silica. For detailed characterization of each fraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with time of flight analyser were used. Substances that have been identified can be divided into several groups: alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acid and heterocycles.
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Determination of selected drugs (beta-bloskers) in surface water
Kříž, Jiří ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis discusses the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment. -blockers are one of the most prescribed medications with the most frequent detection in the environment. These compounds are clinically important drugs used to cure cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, arrythmia and angina pectoris. Due to their acute and chronic toxicity towards aquatic organisms it is important to monitor the concentrations levels. This study is focused on optimization of analytical method to determine these compounds. The matrix examined was a waste water from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Brno Modřice. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of analytes in a waste water samples. A method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the UV-VIS detection using a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used. Target analytes were atenolol, metoprolol and bisoprolol.
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Analysis of pesticides in the environment using the QuEChERS method
Vašinková, Alena ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This thesis focuses on pesticides in the environment, more specifically in cereals. Pesticides were monitored in various samples of cereals (barley, rye, oats, and wheat) within the thesis. The monitored substances were isolated in selected samples and concentrated using the QUECHERS method. Gas and liquid chromatography were used to determine pesticides. The theoretical part consists of the common types of pesticides, divided by the ease with which these substances into food and their impact on humans and environment. It also mentions current health protection legislation and environmental legislation.
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Analysis of pesticides in the environment using the QuEChERS method
Vašinková, Alena ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This thesis focuses on pesticides in the environment, more specifically in cereals. Pesticides were monitored in various samples of cereals (barley, rye, oats, and wheat) within the thesis. The monitored substances were isolated in selected samples and concentrated using the QUECHERS method. Gas and liquid chromatography were used to determine pesticides. The theoretical part consists of the common types of pesticides, divided by the ease with which these substances into food and their impact on humans and environment. It also mentions current health protection legislation and environmental legislation.
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Determination of selected drugs (beta-bloskers) in surface water
Kříž, Jiří ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis discusses the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment. -blockers are one of the most prescribed medications with the most frequent detection in the environment. These compounds are clinically important drugs used to cure cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, arrythmia and angina pectoris. Due to their acute and chronic toxicity towards aquatic organisms it is important to monitor the concentrations levels. This study is focused on optimization of analytical method to determine these compounds. The matrix examined was a waste water from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Brno Modřice. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of analytes in a waste water samples. A method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the UV-VIS detection using a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used. Target analytes were atenolol, metoprolol and bisoprolol.
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Determination of phtalates via GC-MS in children´s pacifiers and a risk of their transport to human´s digestive system.
CIHLÁŘOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of phthalates analysis, or phthalic acid esters, contained in children´s pacifiers. These organic substances have been used for many years as a plasticizers of plastics, rubber and PVC. Since phthalates are not chemically bound in the polymers they are easily released into the environment. Phthalates have negative health effects on the human body, especially on the reproductive and endocrine system. Some phthalates behave in the body like xenoestrogens, mostly in males, since they can affect the development of genitals in infancy. A long-term intake of these substances leads to their accumulation in the organism, and thus there is a risk of developing chronic diseases. A long-term exposure to high doses over a long period of time increases the toxicity of the plasticisers, especially after a direct contact of young children with the pacifiers. The main aim of this bachelor thesis was description and assessment of the effects of phthalates on the human organism. Phthalates were determined by gas chromatography method with the mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS), after the extraction of plasticizers with an organic non-polar solvent. The phthalate analysis was conducted in two different parts of each baby pacifiers, that were randomly selected commercially available products. Phthalates were detected in most investigated samples, similar concentrations levels were found in both parts of the pacifiers.
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Detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by separation techniques and mass spectrometry
Žvaková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by advanced analytical separation methods and mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis process decomposition of complex organic material take place in the presence of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Condensable part of vapours and aerosols forms viscous liquid called pyrolysis oil which is a complex mixture of large amount of compounds. In this work samples from microwave pyrolysis of woodchips and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant Brno-Modřice were analysed. Samples were provided by Bionic Laboratories company. Samples were separated by column chromatography on activated silica. For detailed characterization of each fraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with time of flight analyser were used. Substances that have been identified can be divided into several groups: alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acid and heterocycles.
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Study of the influence of fires of municipal and industrial waste landfills on the enviromental contamination, the combustion products of rubber and halogenated polymers
Sikora, Henryk ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of fires of municipal and industrial wastes, particularly of rubber and halogenated polymers. When these materials burn, significant amount of harmful substances liberate into environmental compartments. Analysis of samples subjected to thermal decomposition in laboratory conditions explored formation of characteristic compounds in dependence on conditions of combustion. Samples of air, water and soil taken from real fires that occurred between the years 2007 – 2011 in the region of Western Bohemia monitored spreading of these substances into the environment. Majority of these samples were analysed by the means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Additionally the effect of extinguishing methods and use of fire extinguishers on formation and spreading of combustion products was studied, especially in soil and in water sources.
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Determination of the fatty acids composition in selected shortenings
RAZIMOVÁ, Jana
The objective of this work is to get acquainted with methods for determination of fatty acids profile, especially with gas chromatography using the flame ionization detector and the mass spectrometer. The first part of the work deals with lipids classification, summary of fatty acids and their properties. It contains also a draft of edible fats division and their production. Other section deals with ways of determination of fatty acids in fats and puts the main emphasis on gas chromatography. The second part deals with the determination of fatty acids in selected shortening fats (Hera, Stela, Zlatá Haná, Sluna, Perla máslová, Flora, Rama máslová, Alfa máslová) in practice. Three measurements were taken at three months intervals. There were taken three samples from each fat during each sampling, it means 72 samples were taken in total. Samples had to be adjusted to increase their volatility. In this case specifically the esterification was made where fatty acids were transformed into fatty acids methyl esters. The measurement was made by the flame chromatograph using the flame ionization detector and the mass spectometer. For final samples evaluation softwares MS Worsktations 6.9, Microsoft Excel ? Statistical programs and software Statistica by Stat Soft ČR, s.r.o. were used. The prevailing fatty acid in all fats is oleic acid. Another acid widely presented in all fats is palmitoleic acid. The only exception is fat Flora where linoleic acid has the biggest percentage. Fatty acids typical for milk fat (butyric and caproic acids, TFA and acids with odd number of carbon atoms (C15 a C17)) are chiefly presented in fat Zlatá Haná. In other fats these fatty acids are found just in small quantities. By comparing single samplings it becomes clear that they are more or less different. The reason of these differences lies probably in fats mixing. That is why during production some small differences in their composition may occur. The principal komponent analysis shows that Zlatá Haná is the most different fat. The reason is that this fat contains the most fatty acids typical for milk fat. Another separate group is represented by fat Flora where the biggest quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid) can be found. Fats Stela and Sluna have very similar fatty acids compositions, the prevailing fatty acids are oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. That is also the case of Perla máslová and Rama máslová where even linoleic acid was found in quite a big quantity.
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